{"id":2591,"date":"2024-08-13T12:06:46","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T04:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/?page_id=2591"},"modified":"2025-07-28T15:37:57","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T07:37:57","slug":"module-18-classifier-constructions-in-sign-languages-ii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/sign-linguistics\/module-18-classifier-constructions-in-sign-languages-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Module 18 &#8211; Classifier Constructions in Sign Languages (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cuhk.ap.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=b8590140-2025-4a47-8245-b1bf00817bc0&amp;autoplay=false&amp;offerviewer=false&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;captions=false&amp;interactivity=none\" height=\"285\" width=\"720\" style=\"border: 1px solid #464646;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">In this module, we will discuss two other types of classifier handshapes \u2013 handling classifiers and entity-classifiers. <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">In sign languages, handling classifiers represent the shape of the hand or other object handling or gripping the referent (Sandler &#038; Lillo-Martin, 2006). Handling classifiers are typically used for predicates describing actions of the hands. In Example 1 to 5 below, the  predicates have incorporated handling classifiers which show how the objects are gripped by a human hand.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 1<br\/>CL[=put on cab]<br\/>&#8216;put a cab on head&#8217;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 2<br\/>DOOR   CL[=open door]<br\/>&#8216;open a door by turning a door knob&#8217;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 3<br\/>TOWEL   CL[=wring towel]<br\/>&#8216;wring out a towel&#8217;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 4<br\/>BOX  BIG  HEAVY  CL[=carry a big  and heavy object]<br\/>&#8216;carry a big heavy box&#8217;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 5<br\/>CL[=write on a vertical surface]    FINISH     CL[=wipe vertical surface with a brush]<br\/>&#8216;write on the board and then wipe it off with a brush&#8217;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cuhk.ap.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=056514a4-1787-4e12-96ee-b1bf0081c16d&amp;autoplay=false&amp;offerviewer=false&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;captions=false&amp;interactivity=none\" height=\"285\" width=\"720\" style=\"border: 1px solid #464646;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Handling classifiers are typically combined with motion verb roots.  As handling classifiers are very gestural, they are highly similar across sign languages. Table 1 below shows further examples of handling classifiers and what they can stand for in HKSL (Tang, 2007). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><b>Table 1. Examples of Handling classifier handshapes in HKSL<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Handling classifier handshapes<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>What the handling classifiers may stand for<\/b><\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(1.1)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Holding 3-dimensional cylindrical or narrow objects, e.g., elastic band, javelin, ice-cream cone.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(1.2)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Holding long and narrow objects, e.g., fishing pole, spoon, and hammer.<br\/>Holding small and narrow objects, e.g., key, toothbrush.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(1.3)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Holding small objects, e.g., wedding ring.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(1.4)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Holding small objects, e.g., toothpick, earring, teabag.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(1.5)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Holding small and flat objects, e.g., cell phone, soap, and camcorder.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cuhk.ap.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=1544d2a1-0aaf-406b-9aec-b1bf00816255&amp;autoplay=false&amp;offerviewer=false&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;captions=false&amp;interactivity=none\" height=\"285\" width=\"720\" style=\"border: 1px solid #464646;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">The third type of classifier handshapes is entity classifiers (also known as semantic classifiers). Entity classifiers look similar to SASSes on first glance, but they are more abstract. They refer to general semantic classes rather than to the visually perceived physical properties (Sandler &amp; Lillo-Martin, 2006).  <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 6<br\/>MAN TALL  CL[=animate being stand at]   WOMAN SHORT  CL[=animate being stand at]<br\/>&#8216;A tall man stands next to a short woman.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 6 describes a tall man standing next to a short woman. Although there is an obvious height difference, they are represented by the same classifier (i.e., the upright oriented Y-handshape) in the predicate (i.e., CL[=animate being stand at]). This is because the entity classifiers denote general semantic classes, rather than physical appearance of individuals. Hence, the Y-handshape can be used for human beings of varying heights and weights, adults or children, different kinds of animals which have a head, body, lower limps or tail. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cuhk.ap.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=1714c529-57a3-480b-84c1-b1bf0081628e&amp;autoplay=false&amp;offerviewer=false&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;captions=false&amp;interactivity=none\" height=\"285\" width=\"720\" style=\"border: 1px solid #464646;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example 7<br\/>BUS BIG CL[=vehicle be located],  CAR SMALL  CL[=vehicle be located], CL[=one vehicle follows another]<br\/>A big bus is followed by a small car (on the road).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">In Example 7, the entity classifier for vehicles is used to stand for the bus and the car. Although the bus is bigger than the car, the same classifier is used for the two classifier constructions. Table 2 shows further examples of entity classifiers and what they can stand for in HKSL (Tang, 2007). <\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><b>Table 2. Examples of Entity classifier handshapes in HKSL<\/b><\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Entity classifier handshapes<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>What the entity classifiers may stand for<\/b><\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2.1)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Tiny, animated, typically long and narrow non-human entities, e.g., shrimp, worm, bacteria.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2.2)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Animate whole entities with a head and lower limps (or tails), e.g., human beings, animals.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2.3)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Vehicle, e.g., bus, car, truck.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2.4)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Bikes, e.g., bicycle, motorbike.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2.5)<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/module_18.10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2572\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>Human legged entities, e.g., swim, walk, jump.<\/td>\n<tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cuhk.ap.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=df248477-b317-4d35-8f91-b1bf008161f3&amp;autoplay=false&amp;offerviewer=false&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;captions=false&amp;interactivity=none\" height=\"285\" width=\"720\" style=\"border: 1px solid #464646;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">In this and the previous module, we have discussed examples of three types of classifier handshapes in sign languages, using examples from HKSL. Although classifiers denote salient characteristics of their associated referents, they do not have specific meanings on their own. If a signer signs CL[=animate being stands] out of context, the audience would not be able to pinpoint exactly what the classifier refers to. Hence, it is grammatically required that a classifier is preceded by its nominal antecedent first. Take Example 7 as an illustration. In this sentence, the signer first introduces BUS BIG, which constitute a nominal antecedent for the following classifier predicate CL[=vehicle be located]. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cuhk.ap.panopto.com\/Panopto\/Pages\/Embed.aspx?id=315de5f2-abfa-449a-8e9e-b1bf00816221&amp;autoplay=false&amp;offerviewer=false&amp;showtitle=false&amp;showbrand=false&amp;captions=false&amp;interactivity=none\" height=\"285\" width=\"720\" style=\"border: 1px solid #464646;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">As all our classifier examples have shown, classifier constructions capitalize on the visual iconicity of entities and events. In a classifier construction, the handshape, movement, orientation and location all bear meanings. Hence, a classifier construction such as CL[=one vehicle follows another] is actually multi-morphemic. For example, in the entity classifier that represents a vehicle, the fingertips of the B-flat handshape represents the front part of a car, the thumb side and pinky side of the hand represent the two sides of the car, and the wrist represents the back of the car. In addition, the forward movement of the classifier present means the car moves forward; while a backward motion means that the car is reversing. Similarly, the sideward turns are directly shown by the motion of the classifier predicate. Classifier constructions are very effective in expressing spatial relations among referents in the signing space.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><strong><u><br>References:<\/u><\/strong><\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Sandler, W., &amp; Lillo-Martin, D. (2006). <em>Sign language and linguistic universals<\/em>. Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Tang, G. (2007). <em>Hong Kong Sign Language: A trilingual dictionary with linguistic descriptions<\/em>. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/sign-linguistics\/module-17-classifier-constructions-in-sign-languages-i\/\">&lt; Module 17 &#8211; Classifier Constructions in Sign Languages (I)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/\">Home &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_2591\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2591\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this module, we will discuss two other types of classifier handshapes \u2013 handling classifiers and entity-classifiers. In sign languages, handling classifiers represent the shape of the hand or other object handling or gripping the referent (Sandler &#038; Lillo-Martin, 2006). Handling classifiers are typically used for predicates describing actions of&#8230; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/sign-linguistics\/module-18-classifier-constructions-in-sign-languages-ii\/\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_2591\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2591\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":763,"menu_order":18,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"[]"},"class_list":["post-2591","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2591"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2813,"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2591\/revisions\/2813"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.cslds.org\/apsl-consortium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}